TISSUE/BIOPSY SPECIMENS

I. Introduction

The following viruses may be detected from various tissue or biopsy sources:

Lung: Adenovirus/CMV/enterovirus/respiratory viruses

Liver: CMV/non-culturable viral hepatitis

Brain: HSV/VZV/enterovirus/measles

Kidney: CMV

Heart: Enterovirus

Postpartum: CMV

Bone Marrow: CMV

For other viruses requested, refer to Appendix XV (Virus isolation and identification) to ensure the appropriate media is inoculated.

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II. Collection and Transport

The sample should be collected directly adjacent to the affected tissue and placed in viral transport medium. If a delay in transport or processing is anticipated, keep the specimen at 4^oC.

 

III. Procedure

 

A. Processing of Specimens:

a) If the tissue is received in a dry container, add 1-3 ml of maintenance medium.

b) Macerate the tissue using the small tissue grinder.

c) If a large amount of tissue/cellular material is present, transfer suspension to a sterile 15 ml centrifuge tube and spin at 700 x g for 10 minutes

c) Use the supernate as inoculum.

If Fetal / Post-partum tissue is received and Parvovirus PCR is requested, forward specimen to the Virology PCR section.

1. Direct Examination:

Not usually performed.

1. Isolation and Identification:

Specimens	Methods	Cell Linesa	Incubation at 36oC	Stain used/Read
LungbLiver/Bone Marrow/Kidney/ FetalTissue	Shell Vial	MRC-5 R-Mixb MRC-5 (if requested) MRC-5 (if requested) MRC-5 (if requested)	2 days 2 days 1 day 1 day 2 days	CMV-IE RS* HSV1 HSV2 VZV
Shell Vial for CPE	E-Mix MRC-5 (summer**)	5 days 5 days	Read daily*** Read daily***
Brain	Shell Vial	MRC-5 MRC-5 MRC-5	2 days 1 day 2 days	CMV-IE HSV-bivalent VZV
Shell Vial for CPE	E-Mix MRC-5 (summer**)	5 days 5 days	Read daily*** Read daily***

^aMRC-5 = Human Fibroblast cells

^b E-Mix or MRC-5 for Shell Vials for CPE inoculated with Lung tissue should be read for daily and if CPE is observed, stain a double Cytoprep with SimulFluor Respiratory virus Screen and HSV bivalent monoclonal antibody stains.

R-Mix^b Shell Vial inoculated with Lung tissue should be stained with SimulFluor Respiratory virus Screen.

** Summer= May to October

*** If CPE is detected, the technologist will pass the infected supernatant to a new shell vial and prepare a cell suspension of the infected culture so that multiple cell spots (on slide) can be stained with the enterovirus D3, Coxsackie B and ECHO stains to identify the virus.

See Appendix II for detailed shell vial procedure.

See Appendix III for detailed tube culture (shell vials for CPE) procedure.

IV. Reporting Results

Shell Vial: Negative Report: “Negative for ______virus.”

Positive Report*: “POSITIVE for _______virus.”

Shell Vials for CPE: Negative Report: “No virus isolated”

Positive Report*: “POSITIVE for _______virus.”

Toxicity Report: "Virology Culture: Specimen toxic to cell culture.

Contaminated Report: "Virology Culture: Specimen is heavily contaminated with bacteria and/or fungus. Unable to perform Virology Culture.

 

V. References

1. Leland D. 1996. Clinical Virology. W.B. Saunders Company.

2. Gleaves, Curt A. et al. Cumitech 15A “Lab Diagnosis of Viral Infections”.

American Society for Microbiology, August 1994.

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